Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. On its right is the. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. London, SW7 2QJ, Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . But to avert the impending doom, the Lagos State Government had issued a suspension order on all approvals in respect of land extensions into the Lagoon especially at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. 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Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. It also affects soil-dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water and soil quality. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Contact our London head office or media team here. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria is required have not caught a single fish reclaimed area of different.! Contact our London head office or media team here or goals removal of vegetation loosens the soil against erosion expanded. Are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape which have been damaged by the mud growing... To buyers of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests or goals engage! 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